An image CDN stores one original image and delivers the size and format each visitor needs. CDN stands for content delivery network: servers around the world that keep copies close to your visitors.
Without one, a site ships a 4,000 pixel photo to a phone, or a developer exports ten sizes by hand. With one, the page asks for a width, and the service renders and caches that version on the first request.
Images usually make up a large share of a page's weight, and the main image is often the element Google measures for Largest Contentful Paint, its loading speed signal. Delivery has a direct effect on how fast a page feels.